Colon Cancer Is Rising Among Younger Adults
Colon cancer remains one of Singapore’s most common cancers. It is the top cancer among men and the second most common among women. In recent years, an increasing number of cases have been diagnosed in individuals under 50, a trend known as young-onset colon cancer.
The disease typically begins as small growths called polyps in the lining of the colon or rectum. While most polyps are harmless, some can develop into cancer over time. Anyone can develop colon polyps and risk increases with age. Risk may also be higher in individuals who are overweight, smoke, or have a personal or family history of colon cancer or advanced colon polyps. As polyps often do not cause symptoms, many people are unaware of their presence until they progress.
This absence of early symptoms may contribute to delayed detection, particularly among younger adults who may not expect to be at risk. According to data reported by the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), nationwide cancer registry records from 1968 to 2019 show a steady rise in early-onset colon cancer. More than 6,000 cases were diagnosed in adults aged 20 to 49 during this period, reflecting a sustained upward trend. This ongoing rise highlights the growing importance of early screening, even among younger adults who may feel healthy.
What May Be Driving Colon Cancer in Younger Adults
Doctors recognise a combination of factors that may shape an individual’s overall colon cancer risk profile. Understanding these contributors helps explain why the disease is now being identified more frequently in younger adults.
One area that doctors pay close attention to is personal and family medical history. Individuals who have previously had colon polyps or colon cancer, or who have immediate family members diagnosed with the disease, carry a naturally higher likelihood of developing it themselves. This increased risk often reflects inherited patterns in how polyps form or how cells behave within the colon.
Building on this, certain underlying medical conditions can add further risk. People living with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, experience chronic inflammation in the digestive tract. Over time, this ongoing irritation can damage the lining of the colon and may contribute to abnormal cell changes if not monitored and managed closely.
In addition to hereditary and medical influences, daily lifestyle habits can also influence long-term colon health. Diets that are low in fibre and high in processed meats, limited physical activity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption may affect how well the digestive system functions over time. While these habits do not cause cancer directly, they can create conditions in the colon that may increase vulnerability.
Complicating the situation further is the tendency for younger adults to dismiss early symptoms. Many attribute digestive changes to stress, temporary diet issues or a busy lifestyle, which can delay medical attention. Yet warning signs may include:
- rectal bleeding
- persistent changes in bowel movements
- unexplained weight loss
- ongoing abdominal pain
- fatigue linked to anaemia
Even when these symptoms stem from non-cancerous causes, seeking evaluation is important to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. This combination of risk factors, delayed recognition of symptoms, and rising diagnoses among younger adults makes early screening an essential part of prevention and timely treatment.
Why Early Screening Matters
Early detection remains the most effective way to reduce the risk of advanced colon cancer. When polyps are found before they become cancerous, they can be removed safely during a colonoscopy, preventing disease progression. Given young-onset cases often present with minimal or overlooked symptoms, screening becomes a crucial safeguard.
Diagnostic tools such as colonoscopy allow the doctor to directly visualise the colon lining, identify abnormalities, and remove polyps during the same procedure if necessary. This can significantly reduce future cancer risk and provide clarity on the cause of symptoms.
Individuals who are unsure about their risk are encouraged to discuss screening options early. A personalised assessment helps determine the appropriate timing and type of screening based on symptoms, family history, lifestyle, and clinical findings.
With rising cases among younger adults, timely screening matters more than ever. Screening not only detects cancer early but also offers peace of mind, especially for individuals with unexplained symptoms or family history. Kam Colorectal Centre provides comprehensive colonoscopy services with dedicated support at every stage. Book a consultation with Dr Kam Ming Hian to learn more.
