Plantar fasciitis is a common foot condition that causes pain and discomfort in the heel and bottom of the foot. It occurs when the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes, becomes inflamed or damaged. This condition can affect anyone, but it is particularly common among athletes, runners, and individuals who spend long hours on their feet, causing significant heel pain and discomfort and hindering daily activities.

Understanding the Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis

The most common symptoms of plantar fasciitis include:

Persistent Heel Pain

One of the primary indicators of plantar fasciitis is persistent pain near the bottom of the heel or along the arch of the foot. This pain is often most pronounced in the morning or after prolonged periods of rest. The pain is often more noticeable when barefoot or wearing flat shoes that provide minimal support to the foot arch.

Sharp Pain During Movement

Individuals with plantar fasciitis may experience a sharp, stabbing pain when they stand up or begin to walk after sitting or lying down for an extended period. The pain tends to subside as the foot loosens up, but it can return after prolonged activity.

Increased Pain with Weight-Bearing Activities

Activities that involve putting weight on the affected foot, such as walking, running, or climbing stairs, can exacerbate the pain associated with plantar fasciitis. The discomfort may range from mild to severe.

Stiffness and Discomfort in the Morning

Many individuals with plantar fasciitis report stiffness and discomfort in the morning, especially with the first few steps out of bed. This is a characteristic symptom attributed to the tightening of the plantar fascia during periods of inactivity.

Tenderness on the Sole

If you notice tenderness when you press on the bottom of your foot, particularly near the heel, it could be indicative of plantar fasciitis. The tenderness may be localised or extend along the arch of the foot.

If you're experiencing persistent heel pain that hasn't improved after a few weeks, it might be a cause for concern. Plantar fasciitis is a common condition that can develop gradually over time, especially if you engage in activities that put excessive strain on your feet, such as running or standing for long periods.

What to Do If You Suspect Plantar Fasciitis

Step-by-Step Self-Assessment

If you suspect you may have plantar fasciitis, a self-assessment can help you evaluate your symptoms and determine the next steps. Here is a step-by-step guide to assist you in self-assessing potential plantar fasciitis symptoms:

• Pain Evaluation: Assess the nature and intensity of your heel pain and foot arch discomfort. Note when the pain is most severe and any activities that worsen or alleviate it.

• Morning Pain: Pay attention to the level of pain you experience with the first steps in the morning. If the pain subsides within a few minutes, it could be indicative of plantar fasciitis.

• Activity-Related Pain: Take note of any activities that trigger or exacerbate your symptoms. If your pain increases after prolonged periods of standing, walking, or running, it could be a sign of plantar fasciitis.

• Foot Arch Examination: Observe the shape of your foot arch. If you notice a flattening or collapse of the arch, it may indicate a biomechanical abnormality that contributes to plantar fasciitis.

By following this self-assessment guide, you can gather valuable information about your symptoms and discuss them with a medical professional for further evaluation and guidance.

When to Consult a Doctor

While self-care measures can be effective in managing plantar fasciitis, certain circumstances warrant medical consultation. It's important to seek medical advice if:

• Your symptoms worsen or don't improve after several weeks of self-care

• You experience severe pain that limits your ability to perform daily activities

• You have a history of foot or leg problems

• Your symptoms are accompanied by redness, swelling, or a fever

An orthopaedic surgeon can provide a comprehensive examination, accurate diagnosis, and a personalised treatment plan tailored to your needs. When it comes to choosing a specialist for plantar fasciitis treatment, it is important to consider their expertise and experience in dealing with foot and ankle conditions. You can also ask for recommendations from your primary care doctor, conduct research, or seek referrals from friends or family members who have had similar issues.

Treatments for Plantar Fasciitis

Symptoms of plantar fasciitis can be effectively managed with conservative treatments. These include:

• Rest and Ice: Give your feet adequate rest and apply ice packs to reduce inflammation and pain. Avoid activities that worsen your symptoms.

• Supportive Footwear: Wear shoes that provide proper arch support and cushioning. A doctor may also recommend using orthotic inserts or heel cups to provide additional arch support and relieve pressure on the affected areas.

• Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Perform gentle stretching exercises for your calf muscles, Achilles tendon, and plantar fascia to improve flexibility and reduce tension in the affected area. Additionally, incorporate foot-strengthening exercises to enhance stability.

• Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on your feet and lower the risk of worsening symptoms.

• Modify Activities: Avoid or modify activities that put excessive stress on your feet, such as high-impact exercises or standing for prolonged periods. Opt for low-impact activities like swimming or cycling.

• Night Splints: These are devices that keep the foot in a dorsiflexed position while you sleep, preventing the plantar fascia from tightening.

• Anti-inflammatory Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or aspirin, may be recommended to help manage pain associated with plantar fasciitis. The doctor may also administer corticosteroid injections in the affected area to reduce inflammation and provide temporary relief.

• Physiotherapy: This may be recommended to address underlying biomechanical issues contributing to plantar fasciitis. A physiotherapist can develop a customised exercise program to strengthen muscles and improve overall foot function.

Plantar Fasciitis Surgery: When Is It Needed?

In cases where non-surgical treatments do not provide sufficient relief, surgery may be considered as a last resort. A surgery aims to release tension in the plantar fascia and remove any damaged tissue. There are different surgical procedures for plantar fasciitis, including open and endoscopic surgery and radiofrequency microtenotomy. The type of surgery will depend on the severity of your condition and the doctor’s recommendations.

Plantar fasciitis can significantly impact your daily life if left untreated. Recognising the signs and symptoms early on and seeking professional guidance are crucial steps toward effective management. Remember, each individual is unique, and treatment approaches may vary.

If you suspect you have plantar fasciitis, don't hesitate to visit an orthopaedic clinic that can provide personalised recommendations on effective treatment. Early intervention and a proactive approach to managing plantar fasciitis can lead to improved outcomes and pain-free mobility.